53 Series · SOC 53-7063

Machine Feeders and Offbearers Salary

National pay, percentile range, growth outlook, and state-by-state detail from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS survey (May 2025).

$41,220
Median / year
$58,160
Top 10% earn
-13%
Growth '23–'33
42,330
US workers

Machine Feeders and Offbearers earn a median of $41,220 per year.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS survey, the median annual wage is $41,220, based on the most recent survey of employers. Reported pay ranges from $32,220 (10th percentile) to $58,160 (90th percentile) nationally, across roughly 42,330 US workers. Wisconsin pays the most ($55,120), since pay varies by state and metro area.

53 Series · Source: BLS OEWS Compare with another job →
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The pay verdict

Machine Feeders and Offbearers earn a median of $41,220, putting them among the lower-paid US occupations and higher than 13% of the 825 occupations with a published BLS median. Within Transportation and Material Moving, it ranks #38 of 50 by median pay. Employment is projected to fall 13% by 2033.

$41,220
Median annual wage
Top 87%
of 825 US occupations with published wages
#38 of 50
in Transportation and Material Moving
1.8×
90th-to-10th pay spread

Highest-paying state: Wisconsin at $55,120. Typical entry-level education: No formal educational credential.

Machine Feeders and Offbearers (SOC 53-7063) pays a national median of $41,220 per year according to the BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey released in May 2025. Full-range compensation stretches from $32,220 at the 10th percentile to $58,160 at the 90th, with a mean of $43,660 indicating a right-skew where top earners pull the average above the midpoint. An estimated 42,330 Americans work in this occupation across 44 reporting states and 185 metro areas.

BLS Employment Projections forecast a -13% change in employment from 2024 to 2034, which the agency classifies as declining relative to the 5% all-occupations baseline. About 4,700 openings are projected per year, combining new positions with replacement needs from retirements and occupation-switchers. Typical entry-level preparation is No formal educational credential and short-term on-the-job training of on-the-job training. The BLS Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) and Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII) produce a workplace-safety grade of C for this role, with a fatality rate of 17.5 per 100,000 and injury rate of 4.8 per 100.

Geographic variation matters as much as the headline median. Wisconsin pays the highest state median at $55,120, which is +34% above the national figure. The top metro is Kansas City, MO-KS at $77,100 - metro premiums typically reflect higher cost of living, industry concentration, or specialized employer demand. When using this page for negotiation or career planning, pair the national median with the state and metro rows below, remember that BLS wages exclude benefits, bonuses, and overtime, and revisit after each May OEWS release since percentiles shift with cost-of-living cycles and industry demand. See our methodology for exactly how these figures are sourced, computed, and verified.

BLS OEWS May 2025 42,330 jobs Median $41,220/yr

Median Salary

$41,220

per year

Median Hourly

$19.82/hr

per hour

Mean Salary

$43,660

average

Employment

42,330

jobs nationwide

How does this pay compare nationally?

Where Machine Feeders and Offbearers pay sits nationally

Median annual wage vs. 825 detailed BLS occupations with a published median

$41,220 Bottom 13% higher than 13% of 825 US occupations

$0–$20,000: 0 US occupations (0%). Below this entry. $20,000–$40,000: 98 US occupations (12%). Below this entry. $40,000–$60,000: 298 US occupations (36%). This entry sits in this band. $60,000–$80,000: 209 US occupations (25%). Above this entry. $80,000–$100,000: 82 US occupations (10%). Above this entry. $100,000–$120,000: 58 US occupations (7%). Above this entry. $120,000–$140,000: 32 US occupations (4%). Above this entry. $140,000–$160,000: 14 US occupations (2%). Above this entry. $160,000–$180,000: 9 US occupations (1%). Above this entry. $180,000–$200,000: 25 US occupations (3%). Above this entry. This job $0 $200,000 every BLS occupation, bucketed by value

Each bar is a $20K-wide band; taller bars hold more US occupations. The dashed line + filled bar mark this entry. Hover or tap any bar for its full count, share, and where it sits relative to this entry.

Source U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, OEWS · May 2025

Does this job pay well and grow?

Each dot is a 53-series occupation, placed by projected 2024–2034 growth and median pay. The highlighted dot is Machine Feeders and Offbearers; the upper-right quadrant is the sweet spot (high pay + fast growth).

Among 24 53-series occupations with growth data, Machine Feeders and Offbearers sits on the slower-growing side at -13% growth and $41,220 median pay.

Among 24 53-series occupations with growth data, Machine Feeders and Offbearers sits on the slower-growing side at -13% growth and $41,220 median pay. Scatter plot of 24 data points. $0$50000$100000$150000$200000$250000 -20%-10%0%10%20% Projected growth 2024–2034 (%) Median annual wage
Among 24 53-series occupations with growth data, Machine Feeders and Offbearers sits on the slower-growing side at -13% growth and $41,220 median pay.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, OEWS (wages, May 2025) and Employment Projections (2024–2034).

Job Outlook (2024–2034)

Projected Growth

-13%

Declining

Annual Openings

4,700

per year (projected)

Typical Education

No formal educational credential

On-the-Job Training

Short-term on-the-job training

Source: BLS Employment Projections, 2024–2034

Workplace Safety

All safety ratings →
C

Moderate Risk

Safety Grade (BLS 2023)

Fatality Rate

17.5/100K

Injury Rate

4.8/100

Danger Index

28/100

Source: BLS Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) & Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII), 2023

Career Intelligence

Skills, knowledge, and tasks most important for Machine Feeders and Offbearers roles, ranked by importance. Source: O*NET.

Top Skills

Operations Monitoring 3.4
Monitoring 3.0
Reading Comprehension 2.8
Active Listening 2.8
Speaking 2.8
Troubleshooting 2.8
Quality Control Analysis 2.8
Operation and Control 2.6
Critical Thinking 2.5
Social Perceptiveness 2.5

Knowledge Areas

Production and Processing 3.4
Mechanical 3.1
Mathematics 3.0
English Language 2.9
Public Safety and Security 2.7
Education and Training 2.7
Administrative 2.6
Administration and Management 2.5
Computers and Electronics 2.4
Personnel and Human Resources 2.3

Key Tasks

  • Inspect materials and products for defects, and to ensure conformance to specifications.
  • Record production and operational data, such as amount of materials processed.
  • Push dual control buttons and move controls to start, stop, or adjust machinery and equipment.
  • Weigh or measure materials or products to ensure conformance to specifications.
  • Identify and mark materials, products, and samples, following instructions.
  • Clean and maintain machinery, equipment, and work areas to ensure proper functioning and safe working conditions.
  • Load materials and products into machines and equipment, or onto conveyors, using hand tools and moving devices.
  • Remove materials and products from machines and equipment, and place them in boxes, trucks or conveyors, using hand tools and moving devices.
  • Transfer materials and products to and from machinery and equipment, using industrial trucks or hand trucks.
  • Shovel or scoop materials into containers, machines, or equipment for processing, storage, or transport.

Source: O*NET Online, National Center for O*NET Development. Data represents typical importance ratings for this occupation.

Salary Range

Annual Salary Distribution

$32,220$36,420$41,220$48,480$58,160
10th pct25thMedian75th90th pct

Hourly Rate Distribution

$15.49$17.51$19.82$23.31$27.96
10th pct25thMedian75th90th pct

10th Percentile

$32,220

25th Percentile

$36,420

Median

$41,220

75th Percentile

$48,480

90th Percentile

$58,160

Salary by State

View all 44 states →
# State Median Salary vs National
1 Wisconsin $55,120 +34% above national
2 Wyoming $51,280 +24% above national
3 Minnesota $48,740 +18% above national
4 Colorado $48,400 +17% above national
5 Kansas $47,930 +16% above national
6 Missouri $46,580 +13% above national
7 New Hampshire $46,580 +13% above national
8 Washington $45,600 +11% above national
9 Oregon $45,580 +11% above national
10 Nebraska $45,470 +10% above national
11 Arkansas $45,250 +10% above national
12 Iowa $45,250 +10% above national
13 Ohio $45,130 +9% above national
14 New Jersey $44,890 +9% above national
15 Delaware $44,110 +7% above national
16 Massachusetts $43,510 +6% above national
17 New York $43,450 +5% above national
18 Louisiana $43,370 +5% above national
19 Idaho $42,580 +3% above national
20 Michigan $42,320 +3% above national
21 Kentucky $42,200 +2% above national
22 Maryland $41,590 +1% above national
23 Pennsylvania $41,220 same as national
24 Nevada $40,550 2% below national
25 Tennessee $40,400 2% below national
26 California $40,380 2% below national
27 Arizona $40,250 2% below national
28 Utah $40,160 3% below national
29 Georgia $39,360 5% below national
30 West Virginia $39,360 5% below national
31 South Dakota $39,310 5% below national
32 Alabama $38,810 6% below national
33 Mississippi $38,340 7% below national
34 South Carolina $38,050 8% below national
35 Indiana $37,850 8% below national
36 North Carolina $37,370 9% below national
37 Texas $37,350 9% below national
38 Connecticut $36,950 10% below national
39 Oklahoma $36,680 11% below national
40 Virginia $36,290 12% below national
41 Florida $35,110 15% below national
42 Rhode Island $32,770 20% below national
43 Maine $32,310 22% below national
44 Puerto Rico $22,400 46% below national

Salary by Metro Area

View all 185 metro areas →
# Metro Area Median Salary vs National
1 Kansas City, MO-KS $77,100 +87% above national
2 South Central Wisconsin nonmetropolitan area $61,480 +49% above national
3 Columbus, OH $60,410 +47% above national
4 Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI $59,870 +45% above national
5 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ $58,960 +43% above national
6 North Valley-Northern Mountains Region of California nonmetropolitan area $56,460 +37% above national
7 Williamsport, PA $54,340 +32% above national
8 Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI $53,650 +30% above national
9 Lancaster, PA $52,770 +28% above national
10 Reading, PA $51,490 +25% above national
11 Utica-Rome, NY $51,400 +25% above national
12 Northeastern Wisconsin nonmetropolitan area $50,490 +22% above national
13 Springfield, MO $50,350 +22% above national
14 North Coast Region of California nonmetropolitan area $50,320 +22% above national
15 Stockton-Lodi, CA $49,260 +20% above national
16 Memphis, TN-MS-AR $49,200 +19% above national
17 Wichita, KS $49,100 +19% above national
18 Western Washington nonmetropolitan area $48,610 +18% above national
19 Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR $48,430 +17% above national
20 Southwest New York nonmetropolitan area $48,290 +17% above national
21 Southwest Minnesota nonmetropolitan area $48,180 +17% above national
22 North Georgia nonmetropolitan area $47,940 +16% above national
23 Lower West Mississippi nonmetropolitan area $47,940 +16% above national
24 Kansas nonmetropolitan area $47,930 +16% above national
25 Longview-Kelso, WA $47,510 +15% above national
26 San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA $47,450 +15% above national
27 South Nebraska nonmetropolitan area $47,430 +15% above national
28 Southeast Iowa nonmetropolitan area $47,200 +15% above national
29 Southwest Iowa nonmetropolitan area $47,100 +14% above national
30 Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO $47,020 +14% above national
31 Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA $46,950 +14% above national
32 Eastern Oregon nonmetropolitan area $46,820 +14% above national
33 Northwest Iowa nonmetropolitan area $46,730 +13% above national
34 Vineland, NJ $46,660 +13% above national
35 Medford, OR $46,630 +13% above national
36 Salem, OR $46,600 +13% above national
37 Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI $46,310 +12% above national
38 Akron, OH $46,190 +12% above national
39 Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA $46,140 +12% above national
40 Dayton-Kettering-Beavercreek, OH $46,000 +12% above national
41 Salt Lake City-Murray, UT $45,990 +12% above national
42 Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA $45,960 +11% above national
43 Albany, OR $45,900 +11% above national
44 Toledo, OH $45,880 +11% above national
45 Northwest Minnesota nonmetropolitan area $45,730 +11% above national
46 Columbus, IN $45,700 +11% above national
47 Syracuse, NY $45,690 +11% above national
48 Lafayette-West Lafayette, IN $45,680 +11% above national
49 Harrisonburg, VA $45,610 +11% above national
50 Eugene-Springfield, OR $45,550 +11% above national
51 West Arkansas nonmetropolitan area $45,550 +11% above national
52 St. Louis, MO-IL $45,430 +10% above national
53 Coast Oregon nonmetropolitan area $45,420 +10% above national
54 Bend, OR $45,360 +10% above national
55 Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH $45,320 +10% above national
56 Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD $45,180 +10% above national
57 North Northeastern Ohio nonmetropolitan area (noncontiguous) $45,160 +10% above national
58 Jefferson City, MO $45,130 +9% above national
59 Sioux City, IA-NE-SD $44,410 +8% above national
60 Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD $44,170 +7% above national
61 Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA $44,120 +7% above national
62 Eastern Washington nonmetropolitan area $44,070 +7% above national
63 San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA $44,020 +7% above national
64 South Georgia nonmetropolitan area $43,990 +7% above national
65 Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN $43,870 +6% above national
66 Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA $43,780 +6% above national
67 Sioux Falls, SD-MN $43,720 +6% above national
68 Worcester, MA $43,720 +6% above national
69 Cleveland, OH $43,630 +6% above national
70 Gettysburg, PA $43,610 +6% above national
71 Visalia, CA $43,510 +6% above national
72 Owensboro, KY $43,300 +5% above national
73 Bowling Green, KY $43,220 +5% above national
74 Northwestern Region of Texas nonmetropolitan area $42,940 +4% above national
75 North Missouri nonmetropolitan area $42,820 +4% above national
76 Birmingham, AL $42,750 +4% above national
77 Lexington-Fayette, KY $42,460 +3% above national
78 Central Oregon nonmetropolitan area $42,430 +3% above national
79 Amarillo, TX $42,140 +2% above national
80 Merced, CA $41,930 +2% above national
81 New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ $41,690 +1% above national
82 Southeast Alabama nonmetropolitan area $41,690 +1% above national
83 Omaha, NE-IA $41,680 +1% above national
84 Canton-Massillon, OH $41,510 +1% above national
85 Kalamazoo-Portage, MI $41,490 +1% above national
86 North Arkansas nonmetropolitan area $41,410 same as national
87 Providence-Warwick, RI-MA $41,340 same as national
88 Central Pennsylvania nonmetropolitan area $41,220 same as national
89 Central North Carolina nonmetropolitan area $41,200 same as national
90 Reno, NV $41,140 same as national
91 Hill Country Region of Texas nonmetropolitan area $41,010 1% below national
92 Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler, AZ $40,900 1% below national
93 Bellingham, WA $40,430 2% below national
94 Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX $40,400 2% below national
95 South Central Tennessee nonmetropolitan area $40,400 2% below national
96 South Central Kentucky nonmetropolitan area $40,160 3% below national
97 Modesto, CA $39,950 3% below national
98 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL $39,840 3% below national
99 Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN $39,710 4% below national
100 Springfield, MA $39,610 4% below national
101 Middle Georgia nonmetropolitan area $39,550 4% below national
102 Central Kentucky nonmetropolitan area $39,530 4% below national
103 Northern West Virginia nonmetropolitan area $39,460 4% below national
104 Columbus, GA-AL $39,450 4% below national
105 Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA $39,450 4% below national
106 Northwestern South Carolina nonmetropolitan area $39,390 4% below national
107 York-Hanover, PA $39,350 5% below national
108 San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA $39,210 5% below national
109 Manchester-Nashua, NH $39,190 5% below national
110 Fresno, CA $39,170 5% below national
111 Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV $39,160 5% below national
112 Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA $38,980 5% below national
113 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA $38,870 6% below national
114 Northeast Alabama nonmetropolitan area $38,810 6% below national
115 Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom, CA $38,780 6% below national
116 West Kentucky nonmetropolitan area $38,650 6% below national
117 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA $38,600 6% below national
118 Buffalo-Cheektowaga, NY $38,560 6% below national
119 Knoxville, TN $38,530 7% below national
120 Bakersfield-Delano, CA $38,470 7% below national
121 Upper East Mississippi nonmetropolitan area $38,340 7% below national
122 Eastern Ohio nonmetropolitan area $38,340 7% below national
123 Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR $38,330 7% below national
124 Elkhart-Goshen, IN $38,220 7% below national
125 Greenville-Anderson-Greer, SC $38,160 7% below national
126 Asheville, NC $38,130 7% below national
127 Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC $38,130 7% below national
128 Northern Indiana nonmetropolitan area $37,980 8% below national
129 Montgomery, AL $37,890 8% below national
130 West Northwestern Ohio nonmetropolitan area $37,850 8% below national
131 Indianapolis-Carmel-Greenwood, IN $37,820 8% below national
132 South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI $37,780 8% below national
133 Raleigh-Cary, NC $37,740 8% below national
134 Fort Smith, AR-OK $37,710 9% below national
135 Grand Rapids-Wyoming-Kentwood, MI $37,570 9% below national
136 Southern Indiana nonmetropolitan area $37,530 9% below national
137 South Arkansas nonmetropolitan area $37,440 9% below national
138 Northwestern Idaho nonmetropolitan area $37,440 9% below national
139 Lower East Mississippi nonmetropolitan area $37,430 9% below national
140 Fort Wayne, IN $37,410 9% below national
141 Central Indiana nonmetropolitan area $37,400 9% below national
142 Rochester, NY $37,230 10% below national
143 Richmond, VA $37,110 10% below national
144 Southwest Alabama nonmetropolitan area $37,080 10% below national
145 East South Dakota nonmetropolitan area $37,020 10% below national
146 North Region of Texas nonmetropolitan area $36,980 10% below national
147 Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT $36,950 10% below national
148 Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC $36,800 11% below national
149 Tulsa, OK $36,680 11% below national
150 Evansville, IN $36,600 11% below national
151 Las Vegas-Henderson-North Las Vegas, NV $36,560 11% below national
152 San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX $36,490 11% below national
153 Houston-Pasadena-The Woodlands, TX $36,460 12% below national
154 Mansfield, OH $36,290 12% below national
155 Western North Carolina nonmetropolitan area $36,140 12% below national
156 El Paso, TX $35,600 14% below national
157 Greensboro-High Point, NC $35,500 14% below national
158 Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN $35,390 14% below national
159 Southern Ohio nonmetropolitan area $35,360 14% below national
160 Southeast Oklahoma nonmetropolitan area $35,100 15% below national
161 Southwestern Pennsylvania nonmetropolitan area $35,060 15% below national
162 Pittsburgh, PA $35,020 15% below national
163 Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL $34,970 15% below national
164 Eastern North Carolina nonmetropolitan area $34,880 15% below national
165 Winston-Salem, NC $34,790 16% below national
166 Eastern Region of Texas nonmetropolitan area $34,750 16% below national
167 Gainesville, GA $34,590 16% below national
168 Southwest Virginia nonmetropolitan area $34,540 16% below national
169 Charleston-North Charleston, SC $34,400 17% below national
170 Northeast Virginia nonmetropolitan area $34,390 17% below national
171 Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TX $34,350 17% below national
172 Jacksonville, FL $34,110 17% below national
173 Southside Virginia nonmetropolitan area $33,880 18% below national
174 Scranton--Wilkes-Barre, PA $33,400 19% below national
175 West Delta Mississippi nonmetropolitan area $33,150 20% below national
176 Lynchburg, VA $32,830 20% below national
177 Tuscaloosa, AL $32,830 20% below national
178 Youngstown-Warren, OH $32,700 21% below national
179 Jackson, MS $32,300 22% below national
180 East Georgia nonmetropolitan area $31,960 22% below national
181 Virginia Beach-Chesapeake-Norfolk, VA-NC $31,400 24% below national
182 Southeast Missouri nonmetropolitan area $31,200 24% below national
183 Southern West Virginia nonmetropolitan area $30,640 26% below national
184 Oklahoma City, OK $29,700 28% below national
185 San Juan-Bayamon-Caguas, PR $22,400 46% below national

Similar Occupations in the Same Category

Other roles in SOC major group 53 (transportation and material moving) with comparable pay and career paths.

Frequently Asked Questions

How much does a Machine Feeders and Offbearers make?
The median annual salary for Machine Feeders and Offbearers is $41,220 ($19.82/hour). The salary range spans from $32,220 at the 10th percentile to $58,160 at the 90th percentile.
What state pays Machine Feeders and Offbearers the most?
Wisconsin pays the highest median salary for Machine Feeders and Offbearers at $55,120/year, which is +34% above the national median.
What education do you need to become a Machine Feeders and Offbearers?
The typical entry-level education for Machine Feeders and Offbearers is No formal educational credential. On-the-job training: Short-term on-the-job training.
How dangerous is being a Machine Feeders and Offbearers?
Machine Feeders and Offbearers has a safety grade of C (Moderate Risk) based on BLS data. The fatality rate is 17.5 per 100,000 workers and the injury rate is 4.8 per 100 workers.
Is Machine Feeders and Offbearers a good career?
Employment for Machine Feeders and Offbearers is projected to decline 13% from 2024 to 2034, which is declining. About 4,700 openings are projected each year.
How does Machine Feeders and Offbearers pay vary by state?
Machine Feeders and Offbearers salaries vary significantly by state. The highest-paying state is Wisconsin at $55,120/year, while Virginia pays the least at $36,290/year. BLS data covers 44 states and territories.
Which metro areas pay the most for Machine Feeders and Offbearers?
The highest-paying metro area for Machine Feeders and Offbearers is Kansas City, MO-KS at $77,100/year. BLS reports wage data for 185 metro areas for this occupation, with pay varying based on local demand and cost of living.

What to do with this data

How to use Machine Feeders and Offbearers pay figures in a real decision

  • For an experienced offer, anchor on the 75th percentile (about $48,480/year), not the median. The median marks the middle worker; the upper quartile is the realistic target with strong experience. Salary calculator
  • Location moves pay significantly: Wisconsin leads at $55,120/year for this role. Weigh state pay against local cost of living before relocating or negotiating remote. Pay by state
  • Compare this occupation against similar roles before you decide, so you are reading the pay band in context rather than in isolation. Compare jobs

These are BLS survey estimates for the occupation, not a salary offer or a prediction for any individual. Your pay depends on experience, employer, exact role, and location.

Data as of May 2025. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 annual release. Employment projections from BLS Employment Projections program, 2024–2034. Data reflects cross-industry estimates for all ownership types.

These are survey estimates for the occupation, not a salary offer or a prediction for any individual. See how to use them.

Every figure on WageDex is rendered directly from U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics wage data, no number is typed in by an editor. This occupation's figures are computed directly from the BLS OEWS and Employment Projections datasets, nothing is typed in by an editor. See our editorial standards & corrections policy, the methodology behind these numbers, or report a data error. Data current as of May 2025.

This page is for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial or career advice. Actual pay for a specific role, employer, or offer may differ from these national/state figures, consult a qualified career counselor, recruiter, or financial advisor before making decisions based on this data.