51 Series · SOC 51-3091
Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders Salary
National pay, percentile range, growth outlook, and state-by-state detail from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS survey (May 2025).
- $44,810
- Median / year
- +4.9%
- 2024→2025
- $62,680
- Top 10% earn
- +0.6%
- Growth '24–'34
- 20,370
- Estimated US jobs
Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders earn a median of $44,810 per year.
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS survey, the median annual wage is $44,810, based on the most recent survey of employers. Reported pay ranges from $33,250 (10th percentile) to $62,680 (90th percentile) nationally, across roughly 20,370 estimated jobs in covered establishments. The highest published state median in this ranking is North Dakota ($77,300).
The pay verdict
Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders earn a median of $44,810, putting them among the lower-paid US occupations and higher than 19% of the 825 occupations with a published BLS median. Within Production, it ranks #67 of 105 by median pay. Employment is projected to grow 0.6% by 2034.
- $44,810
- Median annual wage
- Top 81%
- of 825 US occupations with published wages
- #67 of 105
- in Production
- 1.9×
- 90th-to-10th pay spread
Highest-paying state: North Dakota at $77,300. Typical entry-level education: No formal educational credential.
Observed pay change
What changed, BLS OEWS 2019–2025
- The published national median for Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders moved from $31,590 in May 2019 to $44,810 in May 2025 (+41.8%).
- Across the 749 occupations priced in both releases under SOC-2018, the median occupation changed +24.5%.
- Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders sits +17.4 pp ahead of that median, nominal dollars, no price deflator applied.
Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders (SOC 51-3091) has a national median of $44,810 per year in the BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics May 2025 release. The published 10th-to-90th-percentile boundaries run from $33,250 to $62,680, and the published mean is $45,930. Those summary statistics describe the estimated distribution; their difference alone does not identify its cause. OEWS estimates 20,370 jobs in covered establishments nationally. WageDex has published rows for 44 state or territory areas and 95 metropolitan or nonmetropolitan wage areas. The published national median moved from $42,730 in the May 2024 OEWS release to $44,810 in May 2025, a rise of $2,080 (+4.9%). This is a change between two BLS survey estimates, not an inflation-adjusted same-worker pay raise.
BLS Employment Projections forecast a +0.6% change in employment from 2024 to 2034, which we classify as slower than average relative to the all-occupations baseline of 3.1%. About 2,400 openings are projected per year from growth, occupational transfers, and labor-force exits. BLS assigns No formal educational credential as typical education needed for entry, and BLS classifies its typical on-the-job preparation as moderate-term on-the-job training. BLS does not publish a separate occupation-specific fatality and injury rate for this role in the current release. The safety panel below shows its broad Production Occupations SOC-group context and is not an occupation-level measurement or ranking.
Geographic variation matters as much as the headline median. North Dakota pays the highest state median at $77,300, which is +73% above the national figure. The highest published metropolitan-area median in this ranking is Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD at $78,750. The observed difference does not identify its cause. Pair the national median with the state and metropolitan-area rows below while keeping the geography and statistic consistent. OEWS includes tips, commissions, incentive pay, and production bonuses, but not employer benefits, overtime premiums, stock compensation, or nonproduction bonuses. See our methodology for the sourcing and calculation details.
Median Salary
$44,810
per year
Median Hourly
$21.54/hr
per hour
Mean Salary
$45,930
average
Employment
20,370
jobs nationwide
How does this pay compare nationally?
Where Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders pay sits nationally
Median annual wage vs. 825 detailed BLS occupations with a published median
$44,810 Bottom 19% higher than 19% of 825 US occupations
Each bar is a $20K-wide band; taller bars hold more US occupations. The dashed line + filled bar mark this entry. Hover or tap any bar for its full count, share, and where it sits relative to this entry.
Read the chart as text · as of May 2025
| Band | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| $0–$20,000 | 0 US occupations | 0% |
| $20,000–$40,000 | 98 US occupations | 12% |
| $40,000–$60,000 (this entry) | 298 US occupations | 36% |
| $60,000–$80,000 | 209 US occupations | 25% |
| $80,000–$100,000 | 82 US occupations | 10% |
| $100,000–$120,000 | 58 US occupations | 7% |
| $120,000–$140,000 | 32 US occupations | 4% |
| $140,000–$160,000 | 14 US occupations | 2% |
| $160,000–$180,000 | 9 US occupations | 1% |
| $180,000 and above | 25 US occupations | 3% |
$44,810 · 19th percentile of 825 US occupations
Source U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, OEWS · May 2025
Does this job pay well and grow?
Each dot is a 51-series occupation, placed by projected 2024–2034 growth and median pay. The highlighted dot is Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders; the upper-right quadrant is the sweet spot (high pay + fast growth).
Read the chart as text
- Miscellaneous Assemb…: Projected growth 2024–2034 (%) -0.1%, Median annual wage $44650
- First-Line Superviso…: Projected growth 2024–2034 (%) 1.2%, Median annual wage $74450
- Welders, Cutters, So…: Projected growth 2024–2034 (%) 2.2%, Median annual wage $53750
- Packaging and Fillin…: Projected growth 2024–2034 (%) 4.5%, Median annual wage $43220
- Production Workers, …: Projected growth 2024–2034 (%) 0.5%, Median annual wage $40110
- Electrical, Electron…: Projected growth 2024–2034 (%) 4.6%, Median annual wage $45850
- Bakers: Projected growth 2024–2034 (%) 5.6%, Median annual wage $37160
- Laundry and Dry-Clea…: Projected growth 2024–2034 (%) 5.4%, Median annual wage $34890
- Food Batchmakers: Projected growth 2024–2034 (%) 6.9%, Median annual wage $42290
- Cutting, Punching, a…: Projected growth 2024–2034 (%) -12.1%, Median annual wage $46330
- Computer Numerically…: Projected growth 2024–2034 (%) -10.7%, Median annual wage $50690
- Helpers--Production …: Projected growth 2024–2034 (%) -8.9%, Median annual wage $39070
- Coating, Painting, a…: Projected growth 2024–2034 (%) 0.7%, Median annual wage $48250
- Molding, Coremaking,…: Projected growth 2024–2034 (%) -3.8%, Median annual wage $44350
- Meat, Poultry, and F…: Projected growth 2024–2034 (%) 5.5%, Median annual wage $38300
- Printing Press Opera…: Projected growth 2024–2034 (%) -8.1%, Median annual wage $45780
- Chemical Equipment O…: Projected growth 2024–2034 (%) 3.3%, Median annual wage $58040
- Butchers and Meat Cu…: Projected growth 2024–2034 (%) 1%, Median annual wage $40140
- Water and Wastewater…: Projected growth 2024–2034 (%) -6.5%, Median annual wage $60020
- Multiple Machine Too…: Projected growth 2024–2034 (%) -0.5%, Median annual wage $47180
- Sewing Machine Opera…: Projected growth 2024–2034 (%) -10.8%, Median annual wage $36670
- Paper Goods Machine …: Projected growth 2024–2034 (%) -6.3%, Median annual wage $50270
- Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders: Projected growth 2024–2034 (%) 0.6%, Median annual wage $44810
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, OEWS (wages, May 2025) and Employment Projections (2024–2034).
Job Outlook (2024–2034)
Projected Growth
+0.6%
Slower than average
Annual Openings
2,400
per year (projected)
Employment Change
+100
20,700 (2024) → 20,800 (2034)
Typical Education
No formal educational credential
On-the-Job Training
Moderate-term on-the-job training
Source: BLS Employment Projections, 2024–2034
Workplace Safety
All safety ratings →Production Occupations context
Broad SOC context, not an occupation grade
Fatality Rate
3.5/100K
Injury Rate
3.2/100
Danger Index
14.6/100
Source: BLS Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) & Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII), 2023
Career Intelligence
Skills, knowledge, and tasks most important for Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders roles, ranked by importance. Source: O*NET.
Top Skills
Knowledge Areas
Key Tasks
- ▸ Observe, feel, taste, or otherwise examine products during and after processing to ensure conformance to standards.
- ▸ Take product samples during or after processing for laboratory analyses.
- ▸ Set temperature and time controls, light ovens, burners, driers, or roasters, and start equipment, such as conveyors, cylinders, blowers, driers, or pumps.
- ▸ Observe temperature, humidity, pressure gauges, and product samples and adjust controls, such as thermostats and valves, to maintain prescribed operating conditions for specific stages.
- ▸ Observe flow of materials and listen for machine malfunctions, such as jamming or spillage, and notify supervisors if corrective actions fail.
- ▸ Test products for moisture content, using moisture meters.
- ▸ Record production data, such as weight and amount of product processed, type of product, and time and temperature of processing.
- ▸ Weigh or measure products, using scale hoppers or scale conveyors.
- ▸ Clear or dislodge blockages in bins, screens, or other equipment, using poles, brushes, or mallets.
- ▸ Operate or tend equipment that roasts, bakes, dries, or cures food items such as cocoa and coffee beans, grains, nuts, and bakery products.
Source: O*NET Online, National Center for O*NET Development. Data represents typical importance ratings for this occupation.
Salary Range
Annual Salary Distribution
Hourly Rate Distribution
Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders pay history, 2015–2025
Published national median across 11 BLS OEWS releases. Nominal dollars, not inflation-adjusted.
Read the chart as text
| Period | National median |
|---|---|
| 2015 | $28,060 |
| 2016 | $28,570 |
| 2017 | $29,410 |
| 2018 | $30,840 |
| 2019 | $31,590 |
| 2020 | $32,480 |
| 2021 | $35,480 |
| 2022 | $37,790 |
| 2023 | $39,850 |
| 2024 | $42,730 |
| 2025 | $44,810 |
2015 median
$28,060
2025 median
$44,810
2019–2025 change (same SOC)
+$13,220 (+41.8%)
Avg/year (same SOC)
+6%
| Release | Median | Change | Estimated jobs |
|---|---|---|---|
| May 2015 | $28,060 | First banked release | 20,320 |
| May 2016 | $28,570 | +1.8% | 20,080 |
| May 2017 | $29,410 | +2.9% | 21,130 |
| May 2018 | $30,840 | +4.9% | 21,060 |
| May 2019 | $31,590 | Classification break | 20,830 |
| May 2020 | $32,480 | +2.8% | 19,010 |
| May 2021 | $35,480 | +9.2% | 21,050 |
| May 2022 | $37,790 | +6.5% | 20,010 |
| May 2023 | $39,850 | +5.5% | 19,570 |
| May 2024 | $42,730 | +7.2% | 19,500 |
| May 2025 | $44,810 | +4.9% | 20,370 |
Across the 11 releases WageDex holds for this occupation, the published national median went from $28,060 in May 2015 to $44,810 in May 2025. Within the SOC-2018 classification (2019–2025), the like-for-like change averages +6% per year in nominal terms. Within the same SOC classification, estimated employment went from 20,830 in May 2019 to 20,370 in May 2025.
Each figure is a separate BLS survey estimate, so a change between releases reflects the estimated occupation-wide median in each year. It is not the raise any individual worker received, and it is not adjusted for inflation. Years where BLS did not publish an annual median for this occupation are omitted rather than filled in. This span also crosses a classification change: releases before May 2019 use the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification and later releases use the 2018 SOC, so figures either side of that boundary are not strictly like-for-like. Headline change rates on this page use only the same-classification subset.
Salary by State
Highest Paying States
View all 44 states →
| # | State | Median Salary | vs National |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | North Dakota | $77,300 | +73% above national |
| 2 | Maryland | $60,170 | +34% above national |
| 3 | Colorado | $59,590 | +33% above national |
| 4 | Virginia | $59,260 | +32% above national |
| 5 | Alaska | $55,280 | +23% above national |
| 6 | Nevada | $54,950 | +23% above national |
| 7 | Washington | $50,590 | +13% above national |
| 8 | Minnesota | $50,340 | +12% above national |
| 9 | Maine | $50,220 | +12% above national |
| 10 | Pennsylvania | $49,660 | +11% above national |
| 11 | New York | $49,020 | +9% above national |
| 12 | Wisconsin | $48,560 | +8% above national |
| 13 | Kentucky | $48,540 | +8% above national |
| 14 | Idaho | $48,250 | +8% above national |
| 15 | Michigan | $48,240 | +8% above national |
| 16 | Iowa | $47,960 | +7% above national |
| 17 | Utah | $47,940 | +7% above national |
| 18 | Oregon | $46,250 | +3% above national |
| 19 | California | $45,600 | +2% above national |
| 20 | Massachusetts | $45,400 | +1% above national |
| 21 | Hawaii | $45,390 | +1% above national |
| 22 | Arkansas | $45,080 | +1% above national |
| 23 | South Dakota | $45,040 | +1% above national |
| 24 | Kansas | $44,550 | 1% below national |
| 25 | Ohio | $44,190 | 1% below national |
| 26 | Missouri | $43,460 | 3% below national |
| 27 | Nebraska | $43,410 | 3% below national |
| 28 | Indiana | $43,370 | 3% below national |
| 29 | Arizona | $43,010 | 4% below national |
| 30 | Oklahoma | $42,390 | 5% below national |
| 31 | Connecticut | $41,720 | 7% below national |
| 32 | Vermont | $40,990 | 9% below national |
| 33 | South Carolina | $40,000 | 11% below national |
| 34 | Tennessee | $39,130 | 13% below national |
| 35 | Louisiana | $38,440 | 14% below national |
| 36 | Illinois | $38,230 | 15% below national |
| 37 | Georgia | $37,390 | 17% below national |
| 38 | New Jersey | $37,140 | 17% below national |
| 39 | Texas | $37,140 | 17% below national |
| 40 | Mississippi | $37,030 | 17% below national |
| 41 | North Carolina | $35,980 | 20% below national |
| 42 | New Mexico | $35,480 | 21% below national |
| 43 | Montana | $35,360 | 21% below national |
| 44 | Florida | $35,340 | 21% below national |
Salary by Metro Area
Highest Paying Metros
View all 70 metro areas →
| # | Metro Area | Median Salary | vs National |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD | $78,750 | +76% above national |
| 2 | Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO | $62,890 | +40% above national |
| 3 | Modesto, CA | $61,130 | +36% above national |
| 4 | Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA | $60,230 | +34% above national |
| 5 | Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV | $60,170 | +34% above national |
| 6 | Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom, CA | $56,270 | +26% above national |
| 7 | Appleton, WI | $55,400 | +24% above national |
| 8 | Las Vegas-Henderson-North Las Vegas, NV | $54,950 | +23% above national |
| 9 | Sioux City, IA-NE-SD | $52,650 | +17% above national |
| 10 | Hanford-Corcoran, CA | $51,160 | +14% above national |
| 11 | Yakima, WA | $50,840 | +13% above national |
| 12 | Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY | $50,800 | +13% above national |
| 13 | San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA | $50,680 | +13% above national |
| 14 | Grand Rapids-Wyoming-Kentwood, MI | $49,970 | +12% above national |
| 15 | Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA | $49,920 | +11% above national |
| 16 | Raleigh-Cary, NC | $49,860 | +11% above national |
| 17 | Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA | $49,780 | +11% above national |
| 18 | Pittsburgh, PA | $49,570 | +11% above national |
| 19 | Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI | $49,090 | +10% above national |
| 20 | Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA | $48,570 | +8% above national |
| 21 | St. Cloud, MN | $48,370 | +8% above national |
| 22 | Kiryas Joel-Poughkeepsie-Newburgh, NY | $48,350 | +8% above national |
| 23 | Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD | $48,330 | +8% above national |
| 24 | Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI | $48,000 | +7% above national |
| 25 | Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR | $47,710 | +6% above national |
| 26 | Portland-South Portland, ME | $47,600 | +6% above national |
| 27 | St. Joseph, MO-KS | $47,440 | +6% above national |
| 28 | Twin Falls, ID | $47,210 | +5% above national |
| 29 | New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ | $47,110 | +5% above national |
| 30 | Greensboro-High Point, NC | $47,010 | +5% above national |
| 31 | St. Louis, MO-IL | $46,860 | +5% above national |
| 32 | Salinas, CA | $46,650 | +4% above national |
| 33 | Buffalo-Cheektowaga, NY | $46,320 | +3% above national |
| 34 | Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN | $46,250 | +3% above national |
| 35 | Kansas City, MO-KS | $46,180 | +3% above national |
| 36 | Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH | $46,120 | +3% above national |
| 37 | Syracuse, NY | $46,080 | +3% above national |
| 38 | Rochester, NY | $45,970 | +3% above national |
| 39 | Urban Honolulu, HI | $45,450 | +1% above national |
| 40 | Charleston-North Charleston, SC | $45,110 | +1% above national |
| 41 | Vallejo, CA | $44,420 | 1% below national |
| 42 | Visalia, CA | $44,010 | 2% below national |
| 43 | Springfield, MO | $43,990 | 2% below national |
| 44 | Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA | $43,940 | 2% below national |
| 45 | Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler, AZ | $43,830 | 2% below national |
| 46 | Grand Forks, ND-MN | $43,610 | 3% below national |
| 47 | Omaha, NE-IA | $43,410 | 3% below national |
| 48 | Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR | $42,240 | 6% below national |
| 49 | Merced, CA | $42,130 | 6% below national |
| 50 | El Paso, TX | $41,390 | 8% below national |
| 51 | Rocky Mount, NC | $40,690 | 9% below national |
| 52 | Salem, OR | $39,590 | 12% below national |
| 53 | Fresno, CA | $39,420 | 12% below national |
| 54 | Cleveland, OH | $38,750 | 14% below national |
| 55 | Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TX | $38,440 | 14% below national |
| 56 | Baton Rouge, LA | $38,440 | 14% below national |
| 57 | Stockton-Lodi, CA | $38,240 | 15% below national |
| 58 | Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN | $38,230 | 15% below national |
| 59 | Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX | $38,060 | 15% below national |
| 60 | Knoxville, TN | $37,880 | 15% below national |
| 61 | Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA | $37,820 | 16% below national |
| 62 | Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC | $37,590 | 16% below national |
| 63 | Oklahoma City, OK | $36,800 | 18% below national |
| 64 | Columbia, SC | $36,420 | 19% below national |
| 65 | Houston-Pasadena-The Woodlands, TX | $35,860 | 20% below national |
| 66 | Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL | $35,840 | 20% below national |
| 67 | Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN | $35,290 | 21% below national |
| 68 | Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL | $34,620 | 23% below national |
| 69 | San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX | $34,170 | 24% below national |
| 70 | Las Cruces, NM | $34,140 | 24% below national |
Same SOC major group
Other detailed occupations in SOC major group 51 (Production Occupations) - category peers, not a pay match.
Adhesive Bonding Machine Operators and Tenders
SOC 51-9191
Aircraft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, and Systems Assemblers
SOC 51-2011
Bakers
SOC 51-3011
Butchers and Meat Cutters
SOC 51-3021
Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters
SOC 51-7011
Showing 5 of 104 detailed occupations BLS assigns to this SOC major group.
Nationwide occupations with similar pay or employment scale
Two OEWS peer sets outside this SOC major group (Production Occupations). Same-category cards above stay inside the group; these neighborhoods are cross-group nearest neighbors on national median pay ($44,810 here) and reported employment (20,370 jobs here).
Similar median pay
Nearest other detailed occupations by BLS OEWS national median annual wage.
Similar employment scale
Nearest headcount peers (floor 1,000 national jobs), distinct from the pay column.
Peers are nearest-neighbor matches on BLS OEWS national median annual wage and reported employment. Employment peers exclude occupations already listed in the pay column so the two link sets stay distinct.
Frequently Asked Questions
How much do Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders make? ▼
Where does Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders pay rank nationally? ▼
What state pays Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders the most? ▼
What education do Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders need? ▼
Does BLS publish a safety rate for Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders? ▼
Is Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders a good career? ▼
How does Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders pay vary by state? ▼
Which metro areas pay the most for Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders? ▼
What to do with this data
How to use Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders pay figures in a real decision
- The 75th-percentile wage is about $50,680/year. Treat it as the upper-quartile market boundary, not an automatic target for experience alone; role scope, location, industry, credentials, performance, and employer context still need separate evidence. Salary calculator
- Location moves pay significantly: North Dakota leads at $77,300/year for this role. Weigh state pay against local cost of living before relocating or negotiating remote. Pay by state
- Compare this occupation against similar roles before you decide, so you are reading the pay band in context rather than in isolation. Compare jobs
These are BLS survey estimates for the occupation, not a salary offer or a prediction for any individual. Your pay depends on experience, employer, exact role, and location.
Source data and WageDex calculations are identified in context on this page. Occupation wages use BLS OEWS May 2025; outlook uses BLS Employment Projections for 2024–2034; safety, skills, knowledge, and task panels identify their BLS or O*NET sources in context. See our editorial standards & corrections policy, the methodology behind these numbers, or report a data error.
This page is for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial or career advice. Actual pay for a specific role, employer, or offer may differ from these national/state figures, consult a qualified career counselor, recruiter, or financial advisor before making decisions based on this data.